Dr Satyajit Mohanty blogs

Definition of GIRD: GIRD is a 20° or greater loss of internal rotation of the dominant shoulder compared with the non-dominant shoulder. Introduction: Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit, often diagnosed in players of overhead sports, has been associated with the development of secondary shoulder lesions. Conditions such as labral and rotator cuff injuries have been linked with decreases in glenohumeral internal-rotation and increases in external-rotation motion. This group also shows a loss of horizontal or cross-body adduction in the throwing shoulder when compared with the non-throwing shoulder. GIRD is also strongly associated with scapular dyskinesis. Tennis players, swimmers & athletes in throwing sports are commonly affected by GIRD. Deficit in dominant shoulder of tennis players is about twice the deficit found in swimmers. Data suggest that GIRD and scapular position change worsens as the level of competition increases in overhead sports. Pathologic conditions in the sh...

Grade 0 = Normal Grade 1 = Doubtful narrowing of the joint space & possible osteophytic lipping Grade 2 = Definite Osteophytes & definite narrowing of joint space Grade 3 = Moderate multiple Osteophytes, definite narrowing of joint space, some sclerosis & possible deformity of bone contour Grade 4 = Large Osteophytes, marked narrowing of joint space, severe sclerosis & definite deformity of bone contour

The impingement in shoulder can clearly be classified into internal & external varieties. Internal impingement: The internal impingement syndromes result from the impingement of the soft tissues of the rotator cuff and/or joint capsule on the glenoid or between the glenoid and the humerus. External impingement: The external impingement syndromes result from the impingement of the soft tissues of rotator cuff and bursa on the structures of the coracoacromial arch. External shoulder impingement and rotator cuff disease has been corroborative despite of research arguments. Attempts have been made to identify objective imaging criteria that confirm the diagnosis of impingement, but at present external impingement remains primarily a clinical diagnosis. Mainly shoulder impingement is caused by compression of the supraspinatus tendon underneath the coracoacromial arch, mostly in forward flexion of the arm. Stages of external impingement: Different stages of impingement syndrome are descr...