use passive intervertebral motion (PIVM) assessment

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Manual therapists commonly use passive intervertebral motion (PIVM) assessment within physical examination. In a survey consisting of Dutch manual therapists revel that; Dutch manual therapists most frequently apply passive segmental motion assessment to the cervical region and they prefer three-dimensionally coupled motions.
1. They consider end-feel or, to a lesser extent, provocation of patient's pain as decisive for diagnostic conclusions.
2. They believe that these spinal motion tests are important for treatment decisions and are confident in their conclusions drawn from it. These perceptions were largely stable across subgroups of therapists with different gender, age, experience, and educational background.

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